Viral Load, Adherence, and Adherence-Related Barriers Among Women Living With hiv in Constanta, Romania

Abstract

Background: The number of young women living with HIV is significant worldwide. Developing effective adherence support interventions requires an understanding of gender-specific challenges. Among these, the transition to motherhood may change adherence patterns as women adjust to new life routines. We conducted a cross-sectional adherence (ADH) survey among Romanian women with HIV with and without children. Methods: Self-reports of ADH behaviors and barriers were obtained from 139 women aged 18 to 40 (61 mothers). Viral load (VL) and socio-demographic data were collected from medical files. We examined differences between the two groups on VL, ADH, and ADH-related barriers. Findings: More mothers had detectable VL than childless women (? 2(1)=7.2; p<.01), although self-reported ADH levels did not differ. Perceived side effects and satisfaction with treatment were related only to mothers’ adherence (? =.59 and .34; p<.01), while perceived treatment effectiveness was relevant only for childless women (? =.36; p<.01). ADH scores correlated significantly with VL (? =-.25 to -.30; p<.01). Mothers had shorter treatment duration, less education, and more lived in rural areas and independent families. Discussion: Mothers in this group may be at higher risk of disease progression , despite similar levels of reported ADH. More research is needed into modifiable predictors of health status in this setting.